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Projects UK Biobank

Curation of UK Biobank — listings under the Projects tab.

Summary Table

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NAME STAGE_PERIOD URL
UK Biobank — Baseline recruitment 2006–2010 https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
UK Biobank — Online dietary & cognitive questionnaires 2011–2015 https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
UK Biobank — Health records linkage 2012–ongoing https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
UK Biobank — Accelerometer physical activity monitoring 2013–2015 https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
UK Biobank — Brain MRI protocol 2014–2022 https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
UK Biobank — Brain imaging GWAS 2014–2022 https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
UK Biobank — Array genotyping flagship 2015–2017 https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
UK Biobank — SAIGE method (binary trait GWAS) 2015–2017 https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
UK Biobank — fastGWA imputed GWAS 2015–2017 https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
UK Biobank — TOPMed imputation reference 2015–2017 https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
UK Biobank — Mental health questionnaire 2016–2017 https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
UK Biobank — Blood biochemistry & haematology 2018 https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
UK Biobank — Whole-exome sequencing (50k tranche) 2019–2020 https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
UK Biobank — COVID-19 serology monitoring 2020–2021 https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
UK Biobank — WES full expansion (454k) 2021 https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
UK Biobank — Rare variant gene-based collapsing analysis 2021 https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
UK Biobank — NMR metabolomics 2021 https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
UK Biobank — Olink proteomics flagship pQTL 2023.10 https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
UK Biobank — Proteome PheWAS & MR 2023.10 https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
UK Biobank — WGS full 500k release 2023.11 https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
UK Biobank — WGS/WES phasing (SHAPEIT5) 2023.11 https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
UK Biobank — Telomere length GWAS (WGS) 2023.11 https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
UK Biobank — WGS-derived CNV PheWAS 2023.11 https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
UK Biobank — WES-derived CNV analysis 2024 https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
UK Biobank — Pan-UKB multi-ancestry GWAS 2025 https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/

Genomics

UK Biobank — Array genotyping flagship

Array Genotyping QC
PUBMED_LINK
30305743
STAGE_PERIOD
2015–2017
DESCRIPTION
Genome-wide array genotyping using UK BiLEVE Axiom and UK Biobank Axiom arrays. First 150k participants released in 2015, remainder (full ~500k) released in July 2017.
URL
https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
TITLE
The UK Biobank resource with deep phenotyping and genomic data

UK Biobank — SAIGE method (binary trait GWAS)

Array GWAS SAIGE
PUBMED_LINK
30104761
STAGE_PERIOD
2015–2017
DESCRIPTION
SAIGE method for efficient case-control imbalance control applied to UKB GWAS of >1,400 binary traits.
URL
https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
TITLE
Efficiently controlling for case-control imbalance and sample relatedness in large-scale genetic association studies

UK Biobank — fastGWA imputed GWAS

Array GWAS fastGWA
PUBMED_LINK
31768069
STAGE_PERIOD
2015–2017
DESCRIPTION
fastGWA mixed-model association analysis of 2,173 UKB imputed traits, providing a resource-efficient tool for biobank-scale GWAS.
URL
https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
TITLE
A resource-efficient tool for mixed model association analysis of large-scale data

UK Biobank — TOPMed imputation reference

Imputation TOPMed Reference
PUBMED_LINK
33568819
STAGE_PERIOD
2015–2017
DESCRIPTION
TOPMed sequencing reference panel providing improved imputation quality for UKB GWAS across diverse ancestries.
URL
https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
TITLE
Sequencing of 53,831 diverse genomes from the NHLBI TOPMed Program

UK Biobank — Whole-exome sequencing (50k tranche)

WES Exome Rare Variant
PUBMED_LINK
33087929
STAGE_PERIOD
2019–2020
DESCRIPTION
First 49,960 WES participants released. Enables rare-coding variant association and gene-based tests.
URL
https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
TITLE
Exome sequencing and characterization of 49,960 individuals in the UK Biobank

UK Biobank — WES full expansion (454k)

WES Exome
PUBMED_LINK
34662886
STAGE_PERIOD
2021
DESCRIPTION
WES expanded to ~454k participants, enabling comprehensive rare-variant association studies at biobank scale.
URL
https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
TITLE
Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants

UK Biobank — Rare variant gene-based collapsing analysis

WES Rare Variant Collapsing
PUBMED_LINK
34375979
STAGE_PERIOD
2021
DESCRIPTION
Gene-based collapsing analysis in 281k participants identified 1,703 gene-phenotype associations. Rare variant contribution to common disease demonstrated.
URL
https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
TITLE
Rare variant contribution to human disease in 281,104 UK Biobank exomes

UK Biobank — WGS full 500k release

WGS Whole Genome
PUBMED_LINK
38036674
STAGE_PERIOD
2023.11
DESCRIPTION
WGS released for all 500,000 participants — the largest whole-genome sequencing dataset ever released for medical research. Sequencing by deCODE Genetics & Wellcome Sanger Institute.
URL
https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
TITLE
World's biggest set of human genome sequences opens to scientists

UK Biobank — WGS/WES phasing (SHAPEIT5)

WGS Phasing SHAPEIT5
PUBMED_LINK
37386249
STAGE_PERIOD
2023.11
DESCRIPTION
Accurate rare variant phasing of WGS and WES data using SHAPEIT5, enabling haplotype-based analyses.
URL
https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
TITLE
Accurate rare variant phasing of whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing data in the UK Biobank

UK Biobank — Telomere length GWAS (WGS)

WGS Telomere GWAS
PUBMED_LINK
39198591
STAGE_PERIOD
2023.11
DESCRIPTION
Genetic architecture of telomere length in 462,666 UK Biobank whole-genome sequences, identifying both common and rare variant associations.
URL
https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
TITLE
Genetic architecture of telomere length in 462,666 UK Biobank whole-genome sequences

UK Biobank — WGS-derived CNV PheWAS

WGS CNV Structural Variant
PUBMED_LINK
41639462
STAGE_PERIOD
2023.11
DESCRIPTION
Phenome-wide analysis of copy number variants in 470,727 UK Biobank genomes, including CNV-pQTL and phenome-wide associations.
URL
https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
TITLE
Phenome-wide analysis of copy number variants in 470,727 UK Biobank genomes

UK Biobank — WES-derived CNV analysis

WES CNV Structural Variant
PUBMED_LINK
38548989
STAGE_PERIOD
2024
DESCRIPTION
Protein-altering CNV analysis from WES data in 468,570 participants. CNV-pQTL validation and phenome-wide associations covering 41 quantitative traits.
URL
https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
TITLE
Protein-altering variants at copy number-variable regions influence diverse human phenotypes

UK Biobank — Pan-UKB multi-ancestry GWAS

Pan-UKB GWAS Multi-ancestry
PUBMED_LINK
40968291
STAGE_PERIOD
2025
DESCRIPTION
Multi-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis across 7,266 traits in UK Biobank, identifying 14,676 significant loci not found in EUR-only analysis.
URL
https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
TITLE
Pan-UK Biobank genome-wide association analyses enhance discovery and resolution of ancestry-enriched effects

Multi-omics & Imaging

UK Biobank — Accelerometer physical activity monitoring

Accelerometer Physical Activity
PUBMED_LINK
29292503
STAGE_PERIOD
2013–2015
DESCRIPTION
Axivity AX3 tri-axial wrist accelerometers distributed to 100k participants, recording week-long 100Hz acceleration data.
URL
https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
TITLE
Large scale population assessment of physical activity using wrist-worn accelerometers: The UK Biobank study

UK Biobank — Brain MRI protocol

Imaging MRI
PUBMED_LINK
27643430
STAGE_PERIOD
2014–2022
DESCRIPTION
Multi-modal imaging including brain MRI, cardiac MRI, abdominal MRI, whole-body DXA, carotid ultrasound, and resting ECG. Target of 100k participants achieved by 2022.
URL
https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
TITLE
Multimodal population brain imaging in the UK Biobank prospective epidemiological study

UK Biobank — Brain imaging GWAS

Imaging GWAS
PUBMED_LINK
30279503
STAGE_PERIOD
2014–2022
DESCRIPTION
GWAS of 3,144 brain imaging phenotypes from 8,428 participants, demonstrating the power of UKB imaging data for genetic discovery.
URL
https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
TITLE
Genome-wide association studies of brain imaging phenotypes in UK Biobank

UK Biobank — NMR metabolomics

Metabolomics NMR Nightingale
PUBMED_LINK
36737438
STAGE_PERIOD
2021
DESCRIPTION
Nightingale Health NMR metabolomics assay covering 249 metabolic measures (lipoprotein subclasses, fatty acids, amino acids, inflammation markers) released for ~121k participants.
URL
https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
TITLE
Atlas of plasma NMR biomarkers for health and disease in 118,461 individuals from the UK Biobank

UK Biobank — Olink proteomics flagship pQTL

Proteomics pQTL Olink
PUBMED_LINK
37794186
STAGE_PERIOD
2023.10
DESCRIPTION
UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project (UKB-PPP) released Olink Proximity Extension Assay proteomics for ~53k participants, covering ~2,900 plasma proteins. Flagship pQTL resource for cis/trans protein QTL mapping.
URL
https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
TITLE
Plasma proteomic associations with genetics and health in the UK Biobank

UK Biobank — Proteome PheWAS & MR

Proteomics pQTL MR PheWAS
PUBMED_LINK
32895551
STAGE_PERIOD
2023.10
DESCRIPTION
Phenome-wide Mendelian randomization mapping the influence of the plasma proteome on complex diseases, using pQTL data from UKB-PPP and other cohorts.
URL
https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
TITLE
Phenome-wide Mendelian randomization mapping the influence of the plasma proteome on complex diseases

Phenotypes & Health Records

UK Biobank — Online dietary & cognitive questionnaires

Phenotypes Questionnaire
STAGE_PERIOD
2011–2015
DESCRIPTION
Web-based dietary questionnaire (176k participants) and online cognitive function tests (120k, including symbol digit substitution and trail making).
URL
https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/

UK Biobank — Health records linkage

Phenotypes Health Records
PUBMED_LINK
30305743
STAGE_PERIOD
2012–ongoing
DESCRIPTION
Linkage to hospital episode statistics (England 1996+, Scotland 1997+, Wales 1998+), death registers (2006+), and cancer registers. Repeated in-person assessments for ~20k participants.
URL
https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
TITLE
The UK Biobank resource with deep phenotyping and genomic data

UK Biobank — Mental health questionnaire

Phenotypes Mental Health
PUBMED_LINK
30178800
STAGE_PERIOD
2016–2017
DESCRIPTION
137k participants completed online mental health assessment covering subjective well-being, psychotic experiences, self-harm, traumatic events, cannabis and alcohol use (PHQ-9, GAD-7).
URL
https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
TITLE
Mental health in UK Biobank: development, implementation and results from an online questionnaire completed by 157,366 participants

UK Biobank — COVID-19 serology monitoring

COVID-19 Serology
STAGE_PERIOD
2020–2021
DESCRIPTION
20,000 volunteers (participants plus children and grandchildren) collected monthly blood samples for SARS-CoV-2 antibody analysis.
URL
https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/

Recruitment & Baseline

UK Biobank — Baseline recruitment

Recruitment Baseline
PUBMED_LINK
30305743
STAGE_PERIOD
2006–2010
DESCRIPTION
Recruitment of UK adults aged 40–69 with touchscreen questionnaire, physical measures (height, weight, BP, grip strength, spirometry, bone density), ECG, and blood/urine sample collection.
URL
https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
TITLE
The UK Biobank resource with deep phenotyping and genomic data

UK Biobank — Blood biochemistry & haematology

Biochemistry Haematology Assay
PUBMED_LINK
34737426
STAGE_PERIOD
2018
DESCRIPTION
Serum biochemistry panel (30+ biomarkers: liver function, renal function, lipids, glucose, HbA1c, etc.) and full blood count (haematology: WBC, RBC, platelets, haemoglobin, etc.) released for all ~500k participants.
URL
https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
TITLE
A generalized linear mixed model association tool for biobank-scale data